For names from Ireland and Scotland rendered in languages other than Gaelic, see:
| Laurel: | Date: (year.month.date) | Precedent: |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | Submitted as Ailís inghean Muirgen of Derrybawn, the submitter requested authenticity for 14th-16th C Irish. We have changed the name to Ailís inghean Mhuirghein to partially comply with this request. Muirgen is a Middle Irish Gaelic name, and we have no evidence that this form remained in use into the the 14th C period; therefore, we substituted an appropriate Early Modern Irish spelling. The patronymic was in the nominative case; we have put it in the genitive case and lenited the the first letter to comply with Gaelic grammar. Finally, an Anglicized locative is out of place in an authentic Irish Gaelic name; it has been dropped. [Ailís inghean Mhuirghein, 05/04, East] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | Submitted as Constance inghean Conchobair, the patronymic mixes a Middle Irish Gaelic patronymic with the Early Modern Irish Gaelic patronymic particle. In addition, Gaelic grammar requires that patronymics beginning with the letter C must lenite or soften when used as part of a feminine name. Therefore, we have changed the name to Constance ingen Chonchobair to make the patronymic temporally consistent and to correct the grammar.
This name mixes English and Gaelic orthographies in a single name; this is one step from period practice.[Constance ingen Chonchobair, 05/04, A-Middle] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | Submitted as Cailean mac Eachduinn, the submitter requested authenticity for Scotland. The spelling of the given name was documented from Black, The Surnames of Scotland, as a Gaelic spelling. When Black marks a spelling as Gaelic, he means it is a modern Gaelic spelling. Occasionally, modern Gaelic forms are identical to late period Gaelic forms, but not always. In this case, Black provides a Gaelic spelling from 1467: Cailin. The patronymic appears in the same 1467 manuscript. Therefore, we have changed the name to Cailin mac Eachduinn to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Cailin mac Eachduinn, 05/04, A-East] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | The question arose whether the name Macha was registerable, since Macha is the name of one of the three war-goddesses of the Tuatha Dé Danann. However, Ó Corrain and Maguire also cite a Saint Macha; upon further investigation, Saint Macha is the patron saint of Kilkinney, who, according to her hagiography, with her five sisters founded a church around the 6th C. Therefore, the name is registerable as a saint's name. [Macha Drake, 05/04, A-Caid] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | This name combines English and Gaelic elements in a single name; this is one step from period practice. The double given names Caitlin Christiana are grandfathered to the submitter, whose name Caitlin Christiana Rosa del León was registered in 1987. The Grandfather Clause allows a submitter to register name elements from a previously registered name, so long as they are used in the same manner and exactly the same spelling as in the previously registered name and no new violations of the Rules for Submissions exist in the new name that did not exist in the registered name. Therefore, we must ask if the changes in byname and name construction introduce a new violation of the Rules for Submission that was not present in the original submission. They does not. Instead, the change from Rosa del León to Wintour reduces the number of languages in this name. Therefore, this name is registerable via the Grandfather Clause. [Caitlin Christiana Wintour, 05/04, A-Caid] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.05 | As there is an Early Modern Irish descriptive byname, Maol, which means bald, this name is registerable under the Lingua Anglica allowance. A fully Early Modern Irish form of this name is Coileán Maol. [Cuilén the Bald, 05/04, A-Meridies] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.04 | Submitted as Cairistiona inghen Raonuill, this name uses a significantly post-period Gaelic orthography for the spelling of the byname. Mac Raonuill is a modern Gaelic spelling; no evidence for this spelling is found prior to the 19th C. The Middle Irish Gaelic equivalent (900-1200) is Mac Ragnaill, while the Early Modern Irish Gaelic equivalent (1200-1700) is Mac Raghnaill. It is highly likely that the Scottish Gaelic forms in these periods would be identical to the Irish Gaelic forms. Furthermore, the patronymic particle uses a spelling occasionally found in the transitional period between Middle Irish Gaelic and Early Modern Irish Gaelic. We have changed the spelling of the patronymic to inghean Raghnaill, the Early Modern Irish Gaelic form. [Cairistiona inghean Raghnaill, 04/04, A-Lochac] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.04 | There was some discussion among the commenters as to the correct form of the byname, noting that it fell somewhere between Senchaid, the normalized Middle Irish Gaelic form, and Seanchaidh, the Early Modern Irish Gaelic form. Since the submitter has documented the submitted spelling, Senchaidh, in the Annals of Ulster, the submitted form is fine. [Cúán Senchaidh Ua Suillebáin, 04/04, A-Northshield] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.04 | The submitted form of the given name Daibhead is a modern form; barring evidence that this form is found before 1600, it cannot be registered. [Daibhídh suaimhneach uí Néill, 04/04, A-Caid] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.04 | The submitter requested an authentic name with "the first name Norse and the second name Scottish." While there is a great deal of evidence for Norsemen adopting Gaelic names and vice versa, there is no evidence that Norse and Gaelic orthographies were combined in this manner. This name combines Norse and Gaelic orthographies, which has been ruled one step from period practice. As submitted, it's not authentic although it is registerable.
To make this name authentic, it should be in entirely in either Norse orthography or Gaelic orthography. An entirely Norse form would be Einarr Domnalsson; Talan Gwynek's draft article "Old Norse Forms of Early Irish Names" gives Domnall as the normalized form of the runic "tomnal", which is found in an inscription on a 12th C Icelandic sword hilt. As the College has been unable to find a Gaelic form of Einarr, we cannot speculate on a fully Gaelic form of this name. [Einarr mac Dhòmhnuill, 04/04, A-Calontir] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.04 | This name combines Gaelic and Scots, which is one step from period practice. [Muireadhach Fairley, 04/04, A-Lochac] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.04 | This name combines Gaelic and Scots orthographies, which is one step from period practice. [Caitrina de Bruce the Fowler, 04/04, A-Artemesia] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.04 | By longstanding precedent, the Gaelic name Deirdre is SCA-compatible. [Deirdre Oilithreach, 04/04, A-Caid] |
| Shauna of Carrick Point | 2004.03 | Mixing Gaelic and English orthography in the same name is vanishingly rare and is considered one step from period practice. [Eithne of Brechin, 03/04, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | The element a bíth (which the LoI translated as 'the quiet') was documented only as words in Modern Gaelic. No evidence was provided that these words existed in Gaelic in period, or that they are plausible in a descriptive byname. Lacking such evidence, a bíth is not registerable as a descriptive byname in Gaelic. As the submitter only allows minor changes, we were unable to drop this element in order to register this name.
There were two additional issues with this name. The byname inghean Domnaill combines the Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form inghean with the Middle Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) form Domnaill and, so, violates RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. The form ingen Domnaill is a fully Old Gaelic (c. 700 to c. 900) and Middle Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) form. The form inghean Domhnaill is a fully Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form. Cyneswith is an Old English feminine given name dated to 656. Old English and Gaelic is registerable with a weirdness (see the discussion for Eithne of Cantwaraburg, registered in August 2002). In order to avoid a second weirdness for a temporal disparity, the byname would need to be dated no later than 300 years after the date for Cyneswith. Ó Corráin & Maguire (p. 85 s.n. Eithne) give Eithne as the name of a woman who died in 795 and who was the daughter of "Domnall Mide, the high-king". This reference supports Domnall as a mid to late 8th C name, less than 300 years after the date for Cyneswith. Therefore, the name Cyneswith ingen Domnaill would be registerable with a single weirdness for combining Old English and Old Gaelic in a name. [Cyneswith a bíth inghean Domnaill, 03/2004, R-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Listed on the LoI as Ailbe Mac Branáin uí Drisceoil, this name was submitted as Ailbe Mac Branáin ua Drisceoil, and the grammar was corrected at Kingdom. The submitter requested authenticity for 15th C Irish Gaelic and allowed minor changes.
Ailbe is a Middle Irish Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) form of this name. The corresponding Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form is Ailbhe. This name has been used as both a masculine given name and as a feminine given name. There were a couple of early Irish male saints named Ailbe, including one who was a bishop or archbishop (d. 528-541 according to various Irish annals). However, Gaels during our period generally considered the names of prominent saints too holy to use as names for their children. This likely explains why the use of Ailbe as a masculine given name fell out of use long before the submitter's desired time period (though it was still used as a feminine given name in the 15th C). Based on the registerability of saints' names (summarized in the Cover Letter for the September 2001 LoAR), the Early Modern Irish Gaelic form Ailbhe is registerable as a 15th C form of this masculine name. We have changed the submitted Ailbe to Ailbhe to make this name consistently Early Modern Irish Gaelic, which was used during the submitter's desired time period. The form Ó Drisceóil is a corruption of the family name Ó hEidirsceóil (Woulfe s.n. Ó Drisceóil). There is some question as to whether this spelling change occurred during or after our period. The change is typical of the shift from Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) to Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1700 to present). The sound of the name c. 1600 (as heard by English speakers) can be found in the Anglicized Irish form O Driscole, dated to Elizabeth I-James I (Woulfe s.n. Ó Drisceóil). However, no evidence was found of the use of the form Ó Drisceóil, rather than Ó hEidirsceóil, in Gaelic records dated within or near our period. The "Annals of the Four Masters", vol. 4, (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100005D/), shows examples of this family name in the listings for "Fínghin mac Mec Con mic Fínghin Uí Eidersceoil" (entry M1409.13) and "Mac Con Ua h-Eidirsceoil" (entry M1418.1). As these people lived during the submitter's desired time period of the 15th C, and the spellings used in the "Annals of the Four Masters" are generally appropriate for Early Modern Irish Gaelic (though this source is irregular regarding use of accents), which would have been used during the 15th C, we have lowercased mac and changed Drisceóil to Eidirsceóil in order to make this name partially authentic for the submitter's desired time period and language. Lacking evidence that Ailbhe was used as a masculine name in the 15th C, we were unable to make this name completely authentic. [Ailbhe mac Branáin uí Eidirsceóil, 03/2004, A-Drachenwald] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Submitted as Mughain Brecc inghean Dhonnghaile, the submitter requested authenticity for 14th to 16th C Irish, allowed all changes, and noted that sound was most important to her.
Ó Corráin & Maguire (p. 140 s.n. Mugain) lists Mugain as the names of two women, one of whom is listed as a saint. Given that the other has a feast day, she is also most likely a saint. As Ó Corráin & Maguire mention no date for either of these women, they are most likely early figures. While we have no evidence of Mugain used as a given name in Gaelic except by saints, the name is registerable as a saint's name, though it is not authentic. (See the Cover Letter for the September 2001 LoAR for more details regarding the registerability of saints' names.) Mughain is the Early Modern Irish (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form of this name. Brecc is found as the byname of two men who lived in the 7th C. No evidence was found that this byname was in use later. Brecc is an Old Irish (c. 700 to c. 900) form. The Early Modern Irish form of this word is Breac. This word is translated as 'freckled', but is often translated as 'speckled'. By the submitter's desired time period, breac is found most often in the phrase galar breac 'smallpox'. During that time, the descriptive byname Ballach 'freckled' was in use. Lacking evidence that Breac was used as a descriptive byname in the submitter's desired time period, we have dropped it from this name. The submitted form of the byname inghean Dhonnghaile was not grammatically correct. In Gaelic, D does not lenite if the previous word ends in an n. Therefore, inghean Donnghaile is the grammatically correct form of this name. Based on this information, Mughain inghean Donnghaile and Mughain Bhallach inghean Donnghaile are forms of this name that are partially authentic for 14th to 16th C Irish Gaelic. Lacking evidence that Mughain was used as a given name during this time period, these forms are not completely authentic. As the submitter indicated that sound was most important to her, we have registered this name as Mughain inghean Donnghaile rather than introducing a completely new element into the sound of this name. [Mughain inghean Donnghaile, 03/2004, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Submitted as Muirne Caitlin Maguire, the submitter requested authenticity for "Northern Ireland 1590" and allowed any changes.
As submitted, this name had a number of problems. First, this name had two given names in Gaelic, which has long been reason for return. Second, the given name Muirne has been previously returned as being only a legendary name:
Lacking evidence that Muirne was used by real people in period, it is not registerable. We have dropped this element in order to register this name. Third, no documentation was provided and none was found that the form Caitlin was used in period, though evidence was found of Caitlín as a Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1700 to present) form. The Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form of this name is Caitilín. Lacking evidence that Caitlin is a plausible period form of this name, it is not registerable. Fourth, no documentation was included in the submission supporting Maguire as a form of this name used in period. Woulfe (p. 427 s.n. Mag Uidhir) lists Maguire as a modern Anglicized Irish form of this name and dates the Anglicized Irish forms Maguier, M'Guier, M'Gwire, and M'Guiver to temp. Elizabeth I-James I. As a result, the minimum changes necessary to make this name registerable would be to drop the element Muirne and change the remaining elements to use forms documented to period. These changes would result in the name Caitilín Maguier. The submitter requested authenticity for "Northern Ireland 1590". As submitted, this name combines Gaelic given names with an Anglicized Irish byname. In Ireland, in our period, a woman's name would be recorded completely in Gaelic or completely in Anglicized Irish depending upon the language of the record in which her name was recorded. A fully Early Modern Irish Gaelic form of this name appropriate for 1590 would be Caitilín inghean mhic Uidhir. The College was unable to find an Anglicized Irish example for the name Caitilín. Therefore, we have changed this name to the fully Early Modern Irish form in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Caitilín inghean mhic Uidhir, 03/2004, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Submitted as Máire Caitlín Macleod, there were several issues with this name.
No documentation was provided and none was found that the form Caitlin was used in period, though evidence was found of Caitlín as a Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1700 to present) form. Lacking evidence that Caitlin is a plausible period form of this name, it is not registerable. The Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form of this name is Caitilín. This name had two given names in Gaelic, which has long been reason for return. Dropping one of the given names would resolve this issue. However, dropping Caitlín would result in the name Máire Macleod, which would conflict with Maura MacLeod (registered in September 2001). Dropping Máire (and replacing the post-period Caitlín with the period form Caitilín) would result in the name Caitilín Macleod, which would conflict with Caitlin MacLeod (registered in June 1989). Members of the College offered a number of suggestions that may interest the submitter. Fully Gaelic forms of this name that seem to be clear of conflict at this time are Máire inghean Leóid and Caitilín inghean Leóid. Siren pointed out Scots (a language closely related to English) forms of this name that would retain forms of both given names:
Of all of these changes, the Scots form Mare Catrine Macleod is the closest to the submitted form of this name. As the submitter allows major changes, we have modified this name to the Scots form suggested by Siren in order to register this name. [Mare Catrine Macleod, 03/2004, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Submitted as Seán mac Conaill uí Braonáin, lenition was missing from the final element. As Effric Neyn Ken{gh}ocht Mcherrald explains in her article "Quick and Easy Gaelic Names" (http://www.medievalscotland.org/scotnames/quickgaelicbynames/):
We have added the missing lenition. [Seán mac Conaill uí Bhraonáin, 03/2004, A-Northshield] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Listed on the LoI as Matheus mac Eoin, this name was submitted as Matheus MacEoin and changed at Kingdom to follow documented patronymic byname construction patterns.
In Gaelic during our period, articles (such as Mac) found in patronymic-style bynames were indeed written as separate words from the patronym. However, capitalization of Mac in Gaelic bynames varied in period, though it was not completely random. (For more information, see "From Pelican: Capitalization of Gaelic Particles: mac versus Mac" found in the Cover Letter to the June 2002 LoAR.) In the case of this name, both Matheus Mac Eoin and Matheus mac Eoin are plausible forms. As the submitter did not request a particular meaning or form, we have returned the capitalization of Mac to the submitted form. [Matheus Mac Eoin, 03/2004, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Submitted as Tuathal O'hAirt, the byname combined the Anglicized Irish O' with the Gaelic hAirt and, so, violated RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. As the submitter allows minor changes, we have changed this byname to the fully Gaelic form Ó hAirt in order to register this name. [Tuathal Ó hAirt, 03/2004, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Submitted as Brian ó hUilliam, the submitter requested authenticity for Irish and allowed any changes. In period records, the standard practice was to uppercase Ó whenever any uppercase letters were included in the patronymic byname (as opposed to recording the name entirely in lowercase). We have made this change in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | [Order name Órd Seamair] No documentation was presented and none was found that Órd Seamair 'Order of the Shamrock' is a plausible period order name in Gaelic. Specifically, no evidence was found that the construction 'Order of the [heraldic charge]' was used in Gaelic in period. Lacking such evidence, this order name is not registerable. [Stromgard, Barony of, 03/2004, R-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | This name is being returned for lack of documentation of Taileshíthe as a plausible Irish Gaelic feminine given name in period.
Taileshíthe was submitted as a constructed Irish Gaelic feminine given name combining Taile-, found in the feminine given name Tailefhlaith dated to 782 in Ó Corráin & Maguire (s.n. Tailefhlaith), and -shíthe, found in the byname Mac Dhuibhshíthe that Woulfe (s.n. Mac Dhuibhshíthe) gives as meaning "the black-man of peace." The LoI also notes the feminine given name Síthmaith found in Ó Corráin & Maguire (s.n. Síthmaith) who derive this name "from síth 'peace.'". The major issue with this construction is that, as several members of the College noted, Gaelic names are not generally dithemic - composed of a protheme (in this case, the proposed Taile-) and a deuterotheme (in this case, the proposed -shíthe). As a result, just because Taile- is shown to be the first portion of a name element and -shíthe is shown to be the final portion of a name element, it does not mean that the combination Taileshíthe 'abundance of peace' is reasonable as a Gaelic name. The only confirmable example of Taile- used in a given name is the cited Tailefhlaith. No evidence was found of -shíthe used as the second element in a dithematic Gaelic feminine given name. Additionally, no evidence was presented supporting a name meaning 'abundance of peace' as following documented constructions of Gaelic feminine given names. Lacking evidence addressing these issues, this name is not registerable. Additionally, Taile is Old Irish Gaelic (c. 700 to c. 900) form, while -shíthe is an Early modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700). As a result, the submitted Taileshíthe violates RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. [Taileshíthe of the Greenwood, 03/2004, R-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | Dalriada was submitted as an English name for a Gaelic kingdom that existed from the 5th C to the mid-9th C. Primarily, Dal Riada was the name of the tribe who inhabited this area. The name used to refer to this kingdom derives from the name of this tribe.
The fundamental problem with this name is that no evidence has been found that any of the Dal tribe names (Dal Riada, Dal Cais, Dal nAriade, et cetera) were used in personal names except as part of a ruler's title. For example, Donnchadh Ó Corráin & Mavis Cournane, ed., "The Annals of Ulster" (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100001/), entry U778.7, lists "Aedh Finn m. Echdach rex Dal Riati". The phrase "rex Dal Riati" indicates that Aedh was king of the Dal Riada. Lacking evidence that the name of anyone other than rulers would include a Dal tribe name, a byname such as the submitted of Dalriada, even in a Lingua Anglica form, is a claim to be a ruler of this tribe and so violates RfS VI.1 "Names Claiming Rank" which states that "Names containing titles, territorial claims, or allusions to rank are considered presumptuous". [Robin of Dalriada, 03/2004, R-Drachenwald] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | This name is being returned for a combination of linguistic and temporal compatibility issues.
Both elements of this name were documented from Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn's article "Early Irish Feminine Names from the Index to O'Brien's Corpus Genealogiarum Hiberniae" (http://www.sca.org/heraldry/laurel/irish-obrien.html). The author has requested that this article be withdrawn, as it does not distinguish between legendary names and names known to have been used by real people in history, and other articles are now available covering this area of interest. However, the College was able to find other documentation for these elements. As Colm Dubh's article, "The Ban-Shencus: A Dated Index", KWHS 2003 Proceedings (pp. 1-4), dates a Conandil to the 7th C, Conandil is registerable in that context. Going to the source for Tangwysytl's article cited above, and comparing these entries to those in annals, it is possible to identify that the men who had Glass as a byname lived in time periods that must be considered legendary. One appears in the "Annals of the Four Masters", vol. 1, (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100005A/) in entries M4291.1 and M4296.1, which roughly correspond to 903 B.C. and 898 B.C. The earliest example of a non-legendary man with Glas as a byname occurs in the 14th C. Lacking evidence that this byname was used during the Old Irish (c. 700 to c. 900) period, the Old Irish form Glass is not registerable. Based on this information, Conandil is supported as an Old Irish (c. 700 to c. 900) form of a name dated to the 7th C, and Glas is supported as an Early Modern Irish (c. 1200 to c. 1700) byname dated to the 14th C. Therefore, this name has one weirdness for combining elements that are dated more than 300 years apart. A form of this name that would combine these documented forms would be Conandil Ghlas, which uses the documented form of this byname and adds lenition. However, it has been previously ruled that the differences between Early Modern Irish Gaelic and Middle Irish Gaelic are sufficient that a name mixing these forms of Gaelic carries a weirdness. Therefore, the form Conandil Ghlas would have a second weirdness for combining Early Modern Irish with Old Irish and, so, would not be registerable. [Conandil Glass, 03/2004, R-Northshield] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | The submitter requested authenticity for 9th to 10th C Irish. The submitted byname Lách is a modern form of a period word that, before 1200, took the form lagach. Fause Lozenge was kind enough to research this word, and said:
As this word was only used in alliterating contexts (where the modified noun begins with L), it is clearly not the kind of generally used word that might have led to a byname. Therefore, barring evidence that it was used in a more general context, or as a byname rather than simply a poetic description, it is not registerable. The submitter might wish to know the submitted given name is a Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) spelling. In the 9th or 10th C, the given name would have been spelled Sétna. [Séadna Lách, 03/2004, R-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.03 | This name is being returned for having two weirdnesses: one for a lingual mix and one for temporal disparity. This name uses a given name that is dated no later than the 10th C and that has been ruled to be registerable only in its Old Irish Gaelic (c. 700 to c. 900) and Middle Irish Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) form Muirenn. The submitted byname is dated no earlier than the 16th C and would be registerable in a woman's name in the feminine Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form inghean uí Mhuirneacháin. It has been previously ruled that the differences between Early Modern Irish Gaelic and Middle Irish Gaelic are sufficient that a name mixing these forms of Gaelic carries a weirdness. As the given name and the byname in this name are dated approximately 600 apart, there is a weirdness for temporal disparity of greater than 300 years. Therefore, this name has two weirdnesses and must be returned.
The submitter requested authenticity for Irish and allowed any changes. There were a number of issues with this name. We have provided discussions of each of these issues below, for the submitter's consideration when she chooses a name for resubmission. Muireann is an Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form. The corresponding Old Irish Gaelic (c. 700 to c. 900) and Middle Irish Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) form of this name is Muirenn. Muirenn is found as the name of women who lived in the 7th through 10th centuries. No evidence has been found that any form of this name was used later than the 10th C. Lacking evidence that this name was used as a given name in Early Modern Gaelic, the form Muireann is not registerable. There were several issues with the submitted byname O'Muirnea{c.}áin. The spelling O'Muirnea{c.}áin combined the Anglicized Irish O' with an otherwise Gaelic name, violating RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. This byname was documented from Woulfe (p. 622), which lists the header Ó Muirnea{c.}áin where the notation {c.} represents a c with a "dot" over it. The "dot" over a letter in Gaelic is called a punctum delens. When Gaelic is being represented using the Roman alphabet, letters with the punctum delens are rendered with an appended h; thus, c with a punctum delens becomes ch in standard transliteration. For registration purposes, we use this standard transliteration method. This entry in Woulfe lists the Anglicized Irish form O Murnyghan to temp. Elizabeth I-James I. The College was unable to find any evidence that this name was used earlier. Therefore, Ó Muirneacháin must be considered a 16th C byname. Precedent requires that when a Gaelic byname is used, it agree in gender with the given name, since bynames were used literally in Gaelic. Since Ó Muirneacháin is a masculine form, it cannot be registered with a feminine given name. The corresponding feminine form is inghean uí Mhuirneacháin [Muireann O'Muirnea{c.}áin, 03/2004, R-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.02 | The submitter requested authenticity for 12th to 14th C "Scots-Gaelic" and allowed minor changes. This name combines a Gaelic given name with a placename documented to 1540 in Scots (a language closely related to English). In period, a man named Murchadh from Garrioch would have had his name written completely in Scots or completely in Gaelic depending upon the language of the document in which his name was recorded. At this time, no evidence has been found of placenames used in Gaelic names in Scotland except as part of chiefly titles, though some examples have been found of locative bynames used in Irish Gaelic in period. As the submitter only allowed minor changes, we were unable to change this name to a completely Scots form in order to meet his request for authenticity. [Murchadh Garrioch, 02/2004, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.02 | Submitted as Diarmid Mainistrech of Iona, the submitter allowed minor changes. The LoI stated that:
However, that article lists the form Diarmait, not Diarmid. Lacking evidence that Diarmid is a plausible period form, it is not registerable. The Middle Irish (c. 900 to c. 1200) form of this name is Diarmait, while the Early Modern Irish (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form is Diarmaid. As the submitter indicated that, if his name must be changed, he was most interested in 12th to 13th C Irish, we have changed this name to the Middle Irish form in order to register this name. No documentation at all was presented on the LoI for the elements Mainistrech or of Iona. Had a number of members of the College not gone out of their way to document these elements from scratch, this name would have had to be returned for lack of documentation of these elements. Multiple members of the College provided support for Mainistrech. The submitter may wish to know that, though the byname Mainistrech literally means '[of the] Monastery', the four period examples of this byname found so far all refer to the monastery known today as Monasterboice, located in County Louth. As Johnston (s.n. Iona) notes that the form Iona was originally an error for Ioua, there was some concern whether the form Iona appeared within our period. Speed's The Counties of Britain (p. 266, map of Scotland, map dated 1610) lists this island as Colmkil or Iona Ile, providing support for the locative byname of Iona. [Diarmait Mainistrech of Iona, 02/2004, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.02 | Submitted as Rumhann MacDuibhsidhe, the submitter allowed minor changes.
Rumhann is an Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form. The corresponding Old Irish Gaelic (c. 700 to c. 900) and Middle Irish Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) form of this name is Rumann. This is found as the name of men who lived in the 8th through 10th centuries. No evidence has been found that it was used as a masculine given name later than the 10th C. Lacking evidence that this name was used as a given name in Early Modern Gaelic, we have registered this name in the Middle Irish form Rumann in order to register this name. The submitted byname MacDuibhsidhe was constructed based on information in Black (s.n. MacFee), which lists MacDhubhshith as the modern Gaelic form of this byname. It is important to note that during our period, even in late period bynames where the name refers to a family rather than a father's name, Mac is written as a separate word from the rest of the byname. Black (s.n. MacFee) also states that "The AFM. record Dubside (mod[ern] G[aelic] Dubhsidhe) as fer-leiginn or reader of Iona in 1164 [...]". In this case, Black seems to have misidentified his source. His notation of AFM indicates that this information came from "Annals of the kingdom of Ireland by the Four Masters. Edited by John O'Donovan. Dublin, 1848-51. 7 v." (Black, p. lix). However, the rendering of O'Donovan's Annals of the Four Masters available at the CELT (Corpus of Electronic Texts) website shows that the entries for 1164 (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100005B/) do not list any person by this name. However, the "The Annals of Ulster", also at the CELT site (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100001/), entry U1164.2, includes the text "in fer leiginn (.i., Dub Sidhe)", where Dub Sidhe is a man's given name. Later examples of forms of this byname show -th- forms rather than -dh- forms. For example, the "Annals of Loch Cé A.D.1014-1590" (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100010B/), entry LC1577.10, includes the name Ferdorcha mac Dhuibhsith. Therefore, we have changed this byname to mac Duib Sidhe, based on the example from the "Annals of Ulster", in order to retain the -sidh spelling which the submitter used consistently throughout his submission form. [Rumann mac Duib Sidhe, 02/2004, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.02 | Submitted as Máel Brigte inghean uÍ Néill, the submitter requested autheticity for "Irish (as early as possible)" and allowed any changes.
No identifiable examples have yet been found of Máel Brigte 'servant of [Saint] Bridget' used as a woman's name, rather than as a man's name. However, it is reasonable given other patterns of construction found in women's names. Máel Muire 'servant of Mary' and Máel Mide 'servant of [Saint] Ide' have both been found as women's names. In both of these cases, the object (Mary and Ide) are women. Additionally, Calybrid can be found as a woman's given name on the Isle of Man (Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn's article "Manx Names in the Early 16th Century", http://www.medievalscotland.org/manxnames/jonesmanx16.shtml). As this is an Anglicized form of Caillech Brigte 'nun/veiled one [of Saint] Bridget', this lends additional support to the plausibility of Máel Brigte as a woman's given name in Ireland in period. Therefore, we are giving the submitter the benefit of the doubt and are registering this given name as a feminine given name. As the submitter requested authenticity for "Irish (as early as possible)", we have changed the byname to ingen huí Néill, which is an Old Irish (c. 700 to c. 900) or Middle Irish (c. 900 to c. 1200) form, in order to match the spelling of the submitted given name Máel Brigte. [Máel Brigte ingen huí Néill, 02/2004, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.02 | Listed on the LoI as Siobhan ingen Chamsroin, this name was submitted as Siobhan ingen Camsroin. The byname was corrected at Kingdom to add the missing lenition to the byname as required by Gaelic grammar. Since Camsroin is a descriptive term meaning 'crooked-nose' rather than a masculine given name, it would appear in a woman's byname in the form ingen in Chamsroin 'daughter [of] the crooked-nose [man]' rather than ingen Chamsroin 'daughter [of] crooked-nose [man]'. The byname ingen in Chamsroin is a fully Middle Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) form of this byname. The previously registered form inghean an Chamsroin is a fully Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form of this byname. We have added the article in 'the' to this byname in order to make this byname grammatically correct for Middle Gaelic in order to register this name. [Siobhan ingen in Chamsroin, 02/2004, A-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.02 | Submitted as Artúr Ó Láegaire, the byname Ó Láegaire combined the Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) Ó with Láegaire, which is an Old Irish (c. 700 to c. 900) or Middle Irish (c. 900 to c. 1200) form. As a result, this byname violated RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. We have changed this byname to the fully Old Irish form hua Láegaire in order to register this name. [Artúr hua Láegaire, 02/2004, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.02 | Submitted as Séamus O'MaoLiriain, the submitter requested authenticity for "1560's Ireland/Scotland (lowlands)" and allowed any changes.
The submitted byname combines the Anglicized Irish O' in an otherwise Gaelic byname. As such, it violates RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. Additionally, the submitted documentation supported Ó Maoilriain as a modern Gaelic form of this name, rather than O' MaoLiriain. The Annals of the Four Masters were written in 1632-1636 and, for the most part, use spellings appropriate for 16th C Ireland. In the Annals of the Four Masters, vol. 5, (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100005E/), entry M1585.8 includes the name Conchobhar na Moinge, mac Uilliam Chaoích, mic Diarmata Uí Mhaoil Riain tigherna Uaitne Uí Mhaoil Riain (the underlined e represents the "long e" character in Gaelic, which is sometimes rendered as ea and sometimes as e in Roman characters, depending upon the word). Based on this example, we have changed the byname to Ó Maoil Riain in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Séamus Ó Maoil Riain, 02/2004, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.02 | Submitted as Brighid Óg inghean Neill, accents were sometimes left out of period Irish Gaelic documents. Therefore, as with Norse names, the accents should be used or omitted consistently throughout the name. As the submitted form included the accent in Óg, we have added the accent to Néill. [Brighid Óg inghean Néill, 02/2004, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.02 | As submitted, this name combined a 7th C Gaelic feminine given name with a byname using a modern French placename.
Combining Gaelic and French in the same name is registerable, though it is a weirdness. The temporal disparity between these name elements is greater than 300 years and may be more than 1000 years. Names with a temporal disparity of greater than 300 years but less than 1000 years carry a weirdness. Names having a temporal disparity of greater than 1000 years have long been unregisterable. In either case, the name had at least two weirdnesses and, so, was unregisterable. Maurienne is the modern French name for this location. The College was unable to find an example of this spelling dated to period, though it may (or may not) be reasonable as a late period form. The original Old French version of La Chanson de Roland, written circa 1090, mentions this valley in section CLXXII: "vals de Moriane" (http://www.fh-augsburg.de/~harsch/gallica/Chronologie/11siecle/Roland/rol_ch04.html). Based on this information, de Moriane would be a plausible form of this byname for the late 11th C. Dauzat & Rostaing (p. 480 s.n. Morienval) date the Latin form Mauriniane vallis to circa 570. Based on this example, a locative byname form appropriate for circa 570 would be de Maurinianum. Combining the byname form de Maurinianum with the submitted given name would remove the weirdness for a temporal disparity of greater than 300 years, but it would raise a different issue. In the 6th C, people in the area that is now France were speaking Frankish and a kind of vulgar Latin that evolved to become Old French. Old French appeared in the 9th C and evolved for some time after that. The ruling allowing names combining Gaelic and French to be registered, but carry a weirdness, was based on the significant contact between Anglo-Normans who settled in Ireland beginning in the late 12th C. The Normans who invaded England in the 11th C spoke a form of Old French. Their descendants who settled in Ireland also spoke some form of this language. Therefore, we have support for significant contact between speakers of Gaelic and Old French (or a variant thereof). However, no evidence was found of significant contact between speakers of Gaelic and either Frankish or the vulgar Latin precursor of Old French. Lacking such evidence, a name combining these languages is not registerable. As we were unable to find a way to combine these name elements in a registerable manner, we must return this name. [Faílenn de la Maurienne, 02/2004, R-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.02 | The submitter requested authenticity for 9th to 10th C Irish. The submitted byname ingen Dochartaigh combines the Middle Irish (c. 900 to c. 1200) ingen with the Early Modern Irish (c. 1200 to c. 1700) Dochartaigh and, so, violates RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. A fully Middle Irish Gaelic form of this byname would be ingen Docartaig. A fully Early Modern Irish Gaelic form of this byname would be inghean Dochartaigh.
The submitter's name form has the "no minor changes" box checked (though the "no major changes" box is unchecked). A common problem with the current form is that it is not uncommon for submitters to interpret the major and minor changes boxes as a "pick one" setup, where checking the minor changes box also implies that major changes are not allowed. Therefore, in cases where the forms are marked in this manner, we interpret the changes allowed as "no changes". Regardless, the changes necessary to modify the byname to a registerable form are minor changes, which the submitter does not allow. [Nem ingen Dochartaigh, 02/2004, R-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | Submitted as Padraig Ó Taidc, the submitter allowed minor changes to the byname only. The submitted byname Ó Taidc combines Ó, which is an Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form, with Taidc, which is a Middle Irish Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) form. As a result, this byname violated RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. We have changed this byname to the fully Early Modern Irish Gaelic form Ó Taidg in order to register this name. [John de Duglas, 01/2004, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | Submitted as Ríonach de Fae, Ríonach is an Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1700 to present) form. Lacking evidence that it is a plausible form in period, it is not registerable. The Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form of this name is Ríoghnach. We have changed the given name to this form in order to register this name. [Ríoghnach de Fae, 01/2004, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | Submitted as Caitríona inghean Guaire, the patronym was not lenited in the byname, as is required by Gaelic grammar. We have made this correction. [Caitríona inghean Ghuaire, 01/2004, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2004.01 | Submitted as Eithni ingen Talorgan, the submitter requested authenticity for Pictish and allowed any changes. The submitted byname ingen Talorgan has Talorgan as a nominative form. We have changed this to the genitive form Talorgain, as required by Gaelic grammar, in order to register this name. [Eithni ingen Talorgain, 01/2004, A-Northshield] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Listed on the LoI as Séaghnait inghean Dhonnchaidh, this name was submitted as Séaghnait Dhonnchaidh and changed at Kingdom because unmarked patronymics were not used in Gaelic in period. The submitter requested authenticity for Gaelic and allowed any changes.
Séaghnait is listed as a header form in Ó Corráin & Maguire (p. 164 s.n. Ségnat). It appears to be an Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form of this name. Ó Corráin & Maguire state that Ségnat was the name of an "abbess whom St Abbán placed in charge of his foundations in Meath", as well as being the name of a saint, but give no date for this saint. In the entry for Abbán Ó Corráin & Maguire date St. Abbán to the "late sixth or early seventh century". In Gaelic, unlike in English, children were not given the names of prominent saints because those names were viewed as too holy to use. Therefore, an authentic name using the given name Ségnat would only have appeared in or near the time that the saint lived. In the 7th C, the language spoken in Ireland was Oghamic Irish, which is significantly different in sound an appearance from the submitted form of this name which is Early Modern Irish. By the 8th C, Old Irish Gaelic (c. 700 to c. 900) was in use. It is possible that the given name Ségnat was still in use at that time. Therefore, we have changed this name to a fully Old Irish Gaelic form in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Ségnat ingen Donnchada, 12/2003, A-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Listed on the LoI as Brénainn mac Giolla Phádraig, this name was submitted as Brénainn Mac Giolla Phádraig. The submitter requested authenticity for Irish and allowed minor changes. As submitted, this name combined the Old Irish Gaelic (c. 700 to c. 900) given name Brénainn with the Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) byname Mac Giolla Phádraig.
Brénainn was the name of a number of prominent saints, including two that lived in the 6th C. Brénainn can also be found listed in various Irish annals as the name of men, most of whom lived in the 6th C, who are not saints. In Gaelic, unlike in English, children were not given the names of prominent saints, because those names were viewed as too holy to use. Not surprisingly, the name Brénainn fell out of use soon after the 6th C - probably due to the prominence of these saints. Therefore, an authentic name using the given name Brénainn would only have appeared in or near the 6th C. Giolla Phádraig is an Early Modern Irish Gaelic form. Gilla Pátraic is the corresponding Old Irish Gaelic (c. 700 to c. 900) and Middle Irish Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) form of this name. Gilla Pátraic came into use as a masculine given name in the late 10th C. Therefore, while Brénainn mac Gilla Pátraic is a consistently Old Irish and Middle Irish form of this name, it cannot be made fully authentic because there is no time period where the names Brénainn and Gilla Pátraic were in use such that a man named Gilla Pátraic would have had a son named Brénainn. We have changed this name to the fully Old Irish and Middle Irish form in order to partially meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Brénainn mac Gilla Pátraic, 12/2003, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Listed on the LoI as Crimthann MacGiolla Phadraig, the form listed this name as Crimthann Mac Giolla Phadraig. We have replaced the missing space in the byname. [Crimthann Mac Giolla Phadraig, 12/2003, A-West] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | In period, Mac was not connected to the patronym in Gaelic. We have added a space to follow documented period examples. [Gavine Mac Cormaic, 12/2003, A-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Bynames were literal in Gaelic in period. Ó Ríoghbhardáin means 'grandson/male descendant of Ríoghbhardán'. As a woman cannot be a grandson or male descendant, Ó Ríoghbhardáin is not registerable with a feminine given name. The corresponding feminine byname would be inghean uí Ríoghbhardáin. We have made this change in order to register this name. We have also added the accent missing from the byname. [Aliannsa inghean uí Ríoghbhardáin, 12/2003, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Submitted as Donnghal Buchanan, Donnghal is an Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form of a name found in Old Irish Gaelic (c. 700 to c. 900) and Middle Irish Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) as Donngal. No evidence was found of this name used later than circa 1100. Lacking evidence that this name was in use when Early Modern Irish Gaelic was in use, we have changed this name to the Middle Irish Gaelic form Donngal in order to register this name.
Buchanan is a location in Scotland. It is found as a byname in Scots (a language closely related to English) and in Latin in period. Aryanhwy merch Catmael notes that "R&W s.n. Buchanan cite Black for <de Buchanan> c.1270, 1373, <Buchanan> 1506-82." Based on this information, the submitted form of this name combined a Gaelic given name dated no later than circa 1100 with a Scots byname found in that form in the 16th C. As a result, it had one weirdness for combining Gaelic and Scots in a name and one weirdness for a temporal disparity of greater than 300 years. We have changed the byname to a 13th C form in order to remove the weirdness for temporal disparity in order to register this name. [Donngal de Buchanan, 12/2003, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Submitted as Deirdre Stewart, this name had two weirdnesses as submitted. Deirdre was ruled SCA compatible in March of 1998. This name combined the Gaelic form Deirdre with Stewart, which is Scots (a language closely related to English). There is one weirdness for use of an SCA compatible name element and one weirdness for combining Gaelic and Scots in a name. Black (p. 204 s.n. Deirdre) dates Deredere to 1166. Given which source Black cites for this reference, Deredere is undoubtably a Latinized form of a Gaelic given name. We have changed the given name to this form in order to remove the weirdness for use of an SCA compatible element in order to register this name. [Deredere Stewart, 12/2003, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Submitted as Deirdre inghen ui Bardáin, the submitter indicated that she desired her name to mean 'Deirdre daughter of the Bard'. The submitted byname, inghen ui Bardáin, means either 'grandaughter [of a man named] Bardán' or 'female descendant [of the] Ó Bardáin [family]'. Additionally, lenition was missing from the patronym and accents were not used consistently in the byname. A more typical and grammatically correct form of this byname would be inghean uí Bhardáin.
A byname meaning 'daughter of the Bard' would be inghean an Bháird. We have changed the byname to this form in order to give it the meaning desired by the submitter. [Deirdre inghean an Bháird, 12/2003, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | Submitted as Lassar Fhina ingen Niell, the byname was spelled incorrectly. In Middle Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200), a woman's byname indicating that her father was named Niall would be ingen Neill, not ingen Niell. We have made this change. [Lassar Fhina ingen Neill, 12/2003, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | No documentation was presented and none was found that Cú-Liath is a plausible Gaelic name.
Cú-Liath was submitted as a constructed given name combining the elements Cú 'hound' and Liath 'gray' based on the example of Cú Dub, which combines Cú 'hound' and Dub 'black', found in Ó Corráin & Maguire (p. 64 s.n. Cú Dub). One example has been found of Liath as a descriptive byname meaning 'grey-haired, aged' in 1332. However, dub 'black' is a common element in Gaelic masculine names such as Dubán, Dubdae, Dubgall, Dubthach, etc. Additionally, Donnchadh Ó Corráin & Mavis Cournane, ed., "The Annals of Ulster" (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100001/), entry U967.1, lists Dub as the given name of a king of Scotland: Dub m. Mael Coluim, ri Alban 'Dub son of Mael Coluim, king of Scotland'. No evidence was found of liath used as an element in masculine given names. Lacking such evidence, the constructed Cú-Liath is not a plausible Gaelic masculine given name and is not registerable. The LoI documented Morrissay as an Irish surname found in MacLysaght (p. 222 s.n. Morrissay). Multiple members of the College noted that the submitted documentation was incorrect. Aryanhwy merch Catmael cited Woulfe for period examples of this byname:
The forms referenced by Aryanhwy are found as italicized secondary headers in Woulfe and are forms found in records from the reigns of Elizabeth I and James I. While they were recorded in English documents, the names recorded were Anglicized Irish forms of people living in Ireland. Lacking evidence that the submitted form Morrissay is a plausible period form, it is not registerable. [Cú-Liath Morrissay, 12/2003, R-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.12 | This name submission was an appeal of the return of this name in the February 2003 LoAR, which explains:
This appeal is based solely on the text of the ruling for the return of the name Sirideain ui Neill in the January 1993 LoAR (Caid returns), which states:
The LoI quoted this ruling, then stated:
The cited 1993 return was considered when this submitter's name was returned in February 2003. The documentation provided for the 1993 submission was the same citation from Woulfe cited as documentation for the current submitter's name. Prior registration is no guarantee of current registerability; even less so is a prior return support for current registerability. Knowledge of Gaelic naming practices has increased dramatically within the College during the last ten years. At any point, the registerability of name elements, in the case of "benefit of the doubt" situations, must be judged on a case by case basis according to the current level of knowledge of the College. An argument may be made for recent knowledge - knowledge that may have been current at the time when the name was submitted. Regardless of the validity of such an argument, it is not applicable to the current submission. The cited return is over ten years old and more recently given names documented only as byname elements in Gaelic have been returned:
Further, RfS II.1, "Documented Names", states that:
The current RfS is more recent than the cited 1993 return and supercedes it. As the current submission does not provide evidence of Siridean as a given name in period, and no such evidence was found by the College, the reason for return cited in February 2003 is still valid. In addition, this was not an adequate appeal. The Administrative Handbook, section IV.E, states in part:
None of these requirements were present in the current appeal. Barring clear evidence of Siridean used as a given name in period, it is not registerable as a given name. [Siridean MacLachlan, 12/2003, R-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Listed on the LoI as Adriana inghean Labhruinn mhic Fhionghuin, this name was submitted as Adriana inghean Labhruinn MacFhionguin and changed at Kingdom to correct grammar issues.
The elements Labhruinn and Fhionghuin were documented from Black (s.nn. MacLaren, MacKinnon). Black uses the notation "G." in reference to these forms. The notation "G." indicates a Modern Gaelic (c. 1700 to present) form. In a number of cases, though not all, these forms are also Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) forms. Black (p. 534 s.n. MacLaren) dates the "MG." [Middle Gaelic] form <Labhran> to 1467. A manuscript from 1467 (likely the same one referred to by Black) lists the form Finguine. Middle Gaelic was mostly in use from 900 to 1200. Since some manuscripts used older spelling conventions, a manuscript written in 1467 may use Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700), appropriate for the 15th C, or may use older form such as Middle Gaelic. A fully Middle Gaelic form of this byname would be ingen Labhrain meic Fhinguine. A fully Early Modern Gaelic form of this byname would be inghean Labhrain mhic Fhionghuine. As the Early Modern Gaelic form of this byname is the closer of these forms to the submitted byname, we have changed the byname to this form in order to register this name. [Adriana inghean Labhrain mhic Fhionghuine, 11/2003, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Submitted as Liadan Cu Teach Càirdeas, the submitter requested authenticity for Irish/Gaelic and allowed any changes. No evidence was presented nor could any be found that Teach Càirdeas was a plausible byname for a period person. While the submitter asserted that it had been previously registered, the name does not appear in the Armorial. Even if it did, it would be irrelevant; previous registration has long been no guarantee of current registerability. We have dropped this phrase in order to register this name.
Feminine bynames in Gaelic are lenited except in certain circumstances. Therefore, we have changed the spelling of the byname from Cu to Chu to meet that grammatical requirement. [Liadan Chu, 11/2003, A-Ealdormere] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Listed on the LoI as Derborgaill Buitiler, this name was submitted as Derborgaill an Chomhaidh Buitiler. The submitter requested authenticity for 15th C "West Ireland" and allowed any changes. The first byname was dropped at Kingdom for lack of documentation of use of two descriptive bynames in Irish Gaelic.
Derborgaill is a Middle Irish Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) form. The corresponding Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form is Dearbhforgaill. We have changed the given name to this form to meet the submitter's requested time period. The byname an Chomhaidh is a descriptive byname meaning '[of] the Coad' (the Coad being an area in Ireland). The name Buitiler is a Gaelic adaptation of the Anglo-Norman name Butler and was used as an inherited surname. An example of a Gaelic descriptive byname used by a man with an Anglo-Norman surname may be found in the "Annals of the Four Masters", vol. 6 (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100005F/), entry M1590.7, which mentions "Uater Ciotach a Búrc mac Seain mic Oiluerais" (which appears in the translation as "Walter Kittagh Burke, the son of John, son of Oliver"). (The byname Ciotach means 'Left-handed'.) This entry supports the order [given name] [Gaelic descriptive byname] [Gaelic form of an Anglo-Norman surname]. Therefore, the submitted name Derborgaill an Chomhaidh Buitiler, which follows this construction pattern, is registerable, though it contains a weirdness for combining the Middle Irish Gaelic form of the given name with bynames that have Early Modern Irish Gaelic forms. Dearbhforgaill an Chomhaidh Buitiler would be a fully Early Modern Irish form of this name. However, as yet no evidence has been found that any Anglo-Norman families in Ireland (including the Butler, Burke, de Courcy, and FitzGerald families) gave their children Gaelic given names during our period. Instead, their children were given Anglo-Norman names, many of which were eventually adopted into use by Gaelic families. An example of this pattern seen in the Butler family is found in the "Annals of the Four Masters", vol. 6, entry M1597.10, which lists "Oilen Buitiler inghen iarla Urmumhan .i.Piarus Ruadh, mac Semais, mic Emainn, mic Risdeird ben an dara h-iarla do h-oirdneadh ar Thuadhmumhain .i. Donnchadh, mac Concobair mic Toirrdhealbhaigh Uí Briain" (which appears in the translation as "Ellen Butler, the daughter of the Earl of Ormond (Pierce Roe, the son of James, son of Edmond, son of Richard), and wife of the second Earl of Thomond (Donough, the son of Conor, son of Turlough O'Brien)"). Based on this information, the combination of the Gaelic given name Derborgaill (in any spelling) with an Anglo-Norman surname such as Buitiler is not authentic. Therefore, we have dropped the byname Buitiler in order to make this name authentic for the submitter's desired time and location. [Dearbhforgaill an Chomhaidh, 11/2003, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Submitted as Seán úa Lochlainn, the submitter requested that his name be made authentic for the 14th C. At that time Ua is the expected form of the particle. We have made that change to meet his request for authenticity. [Seán Ua Lochlainn, 11/2003, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Submitted as Seamus in Boghanna Bernaig Mac an tSaoi, the submitter requested authenticity for Gaelic and allowed any changes. The submission form indicated that the submitter desired the meaning 'Seamus of the broken bows, Mac an tSaoi'. However, the LoI stated that "The submitter would prefer the singular 'of the broken bow', please."
The byname in Boghanna Bernaig was submitted as a constructed byname meaning '[of] the Broken Bow'. This phrase combines elements in Middle Irish Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) forms (in and Bernaig) with an element in an Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) or Modern (c. 1700 to present) form (Boghanna). The name Seamus was brought into use in Ireland by the Anglo-Normans. By the time it came into use among Gaels, the language in use was Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700). Therefore, we have changed this byname to a fully Early Modern Irish Gaelic form to meet his request for authenticity. Additionally, the submitted Boghanna means 'bows'. All of the period descriptive bynames found so far refering to a weapon (axe, spear, etc.) use a singular word for a weapon rather than a plural. The Early Modern Irish Gaelic word for 'bow' is Bogha. Effric Neyn Ken3ocht Mcherrald explains:
Therefore, a byname meaning '[of] the bow' in Early Modern Irish would be an Bhogha, with '[of] the broken bow' being an Bhogha Bhearnaigh. Effric also provided a rough approximation for a pronunciation of this byname. We have included it her as a courtesy for the submitter: [Seamus an Bhogha Bhearnaigh Mac an tSaoi, 11/2003, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Precedent states:
Similarly, Fiamuin is only found as the name of the mother of Saint Berchán of Clonsast. As she was not herself a saint and as the name has not been documented as having been otherwise used in period, it falls into the category of a legeendary name and is not registerable. [Fiamuin Kareman, 11/2003, R-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.11 | Deibhiosdan was documented from Black (p. 202 s.n. Davidson). However, when Black lists a "Gaelic" form of a name, he is referring to a modern form. In some cases, the name also appeared during our time period, but in many cases, the Gaelic form is recent.
In the case of Deibhiosdan, no documentation was presented and none was found that any form of Davidson appeared in Gaelic in period. Lacking such evidence, Deibhiosdan is not registerable. As the submitter does not allow major changes, we were unable to change the byname to an English form in order to register this name. [Sarah Deibhiosdan, 11/2003, R-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Listed on the LoI as Cineád O' Hosey, this name was submitted as Cináed O' Hosey and two letters were transposed in the given name on the LoI. The submitted documentation supported the byname form O'Hosey rather than O' Hosey. We have made this change.
As submitted, this name combined the Middle Irish Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) Cineád with the Anglicized Irish byname O'Hosey, which was dated to the mid-16th C to the early 17th C. This name had one weirdness for combining Gaelic and Anglicized Irish in a name. There was a second weirdness for a temporal disparity of greater than 300 years since the given name dates to pre-1200 and the byname dates to mid-16th C to early 17th C. We have changed the given name to the Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form Cionaodh in order to remove the temporal disparity and register this name. [Cionaodh O'Hosey, 10/2003, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | The submitter requested authenticity for Ireland, but allowed no changes. This submission combines a Middle Irish Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) given name with an English byname that is plausible for the late 13th C or early 14th C. In period, a child of mixed Anglo-Norman and Gaelic parentage would have had his name recorded completely in Gaelic or completely in English (or Anglicized Irish) depending upon the language of the record in which his name was recorded. Additionally, while evidence has been found of Anglo-Norman given names being adopted into use by Gaels, evidence has not yet been found of Gaelic given names being used in families with Anglo-Norman surnames.
Lacking evidence that the name elements Cael and Saunders were in use in Ireland during the same time period, and lacking evidence that Gaelic and English would have been combined in period in this manner, this name is not authentic for the submitter's requested culture. [Cael Saunders, 10/2003, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Cináed MacFie, this name combined the Middle Irish Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) given name Cináed with MacFie, which was documented as an undated byname in Scots (a language closely related to English).
No support was found for the submitter's desired form MacFie as a period form. Aryanhwy merch Catmael found dated forms of this byname in Black:
Based on these examples, MacFee is the closest supportable spelling to the submitted MacFie. We have changed the byname to this form in order to register this name. As submitted, this name had one weirdness for combining Gaelic and Scots in a name. There was also a weirdness for a temporal disparity of greater than 300 years, since the given name dates to pre-1200 and the submitted form of the byname is only documented post-period. We have changed the given name to the Early Modern Irish (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form Cionaodh in order to remove the temporal disparity from this name. Thereby, having only the single weirdness for the lingual combination of Gaelic and Scots, this name is registerable. [Cionaodh MacFee, 10/2003, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Iohne Mac Dhaidh, the submission form noted that if the submitter's name must be changed, the submitter indicated that meaning was most important to him and indicated his desired meaning of 'Scotts[sic] for John Dade - Gunn sept'.
The surname Dade derives from two sources - one English and one Irish. Metron Ariston provided information regarding the English surname Dade:
Woulfe (p. 348 s.n. Mac Daibhéid) lists Dade as a modern Anglicized Irish form of Mac Daibhéid, which means 'son of David'. No documentation was provided to support the submitted spelling Mac Dhaidh as a plausible name in period. Lacking such evidence, Mac Dhaidh is not registerable. On its surface, Mac Dhaidh appears to be Modern Gaelic (c. 1700 to present). An Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form of this name would be Mac Dabhídh. We have changed the byname to this form in order to register this name. As submitted, this name combines Iohne, which is Scots (a language closely related to English), with a Gaelic byname. As the submitter indicated a desire for a Scottish name meaning 'John Dade', he may wish to know about Scots forms of this byname which would have the meaning 'son of David' and which would match the language of his submitted given name Iohne. Black's Surnames of Scotland (s.nn. David, Davidson, Davie, Davies, Daw, Dawes, Dawson, Day, Deasson, MacCavat, MacDavid, MacDawy) lists a number of Scots names that derived from bynames meaning 'son of David' (including diminutives of David, such as Davy, et cetera). The forms listed by Black in these entries are too many to provide a complete list here. Of the dated names listed in these entries, MacDavid (1562) and M'Cade (1547), found in Black under the header MacDavid, are the closest in sound and appearance to the submitted Mac Dhaidh. [Iohne Mac Dabhídh, 10/2003, A-East] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Alane MacAonghais, the submitter requested authenticity for Gaelic and allowed minor changes.
As submitted, this name combines the given name Alane, which is Scots (a language closely related to English), with the Modern Gaelic (c. 1700 to present) family name MacAonghais. The corresponding Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form of this family name, appropriate for late period Scotland, would be Mac Aonghais. We have changed the byname to this form in order to register this name. A man with this name in period would have had his name recorded completely in Gaelic or completely in Scots, depending upon the language of the document in which his name was recorded. Black (p. 453 s.n. MacAngus) dates Duncan Makangus to 1492. This information supports Alane Makangus as a fully Scots form of this name. Black (p. 451 s.n. MacAllan) lists the Gaelic form of this family name as "MacAilin or MacAilein". However, these are Modern Gaelic forms. Skene's transcription of a manuscript dated to 1467 lists multiple instances of the spelling Ailin, showing support for Ailin as a form dated to period. Therefore, Ailin Mac Aonghais is a reasonable Gaelic form of this name. A form of this name that consistently uses spellings found in Skene would be Ailin mac Aengusa. As the submitter only allowed minor changes, we were unable to change this name to a fully Gaelic form in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Alane Mac Aonghais, 10/2003, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Listed on the LoI as Bróccin mac Gille Críost, this name was submitted as Bróccin mac Gille Crist and changed at Kingdom in an attempt to correct grammatical issues with the byname.
The submitted documentation supported Bróccín and Gille Críst as Gaelic masculine given names used in 12th C Scotland. In Middle Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200), Gille Críst is both a nominative and genitive form. Therefore, Bróccín mac Gille Críst is a grammatically correct Middle Gaelic form of this name. The submitter requested authenticity for 1400s Scottish and allowed all changes. Effric Neyn Ken3ocht Mcherrald provided information that Gille Críst took on two Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) nominative forms in Scotland, Gille Críost and Gille Críosd, and that the corresponding genitive forms were Gille Chríost and Gille Chríosd. Lacking evidence that any form of the name Bróccín was used in Scotland in the 1400s, we were unable to make this name authentic for the submitter's requested time and culture. Accents were sometimes left out of period Irish Gaelic documents. Therefore, as with Norse names, the accents in a name should be used or omitted consistently throughout the name. The submitted form included some, but not all, of the accents in this name. We have added the missing accents in order to register this name. [Bróccín mac Gille Críst, 10/2003, A-Meridies] [Bróccín mac Gille Críst, 10/2003, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Cáelainn ingen uí Raghailligh, the byname ingen uí Raghailligh combined the Middle Irish (c. 900 to c. 1200) ingen uí with Raghailligh which is an Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form. Combining these languages in the byname ingen uí Raghailligh violates RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. We have changed this byname to the fully Early Modern Irish Gaelic form inghean uí Raghailligh in order to register this name. [Cáelainn inghean uí Raghailligh, 10/2003, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Alastar Marcellius, the submitted requested authenticity for 6th C Irish/Roman and allowed any changes.
Since the submitter requested authenticity, there are several points that should be addressed. In the 6th C, the language used in Ireland was Oghamic Irish. Very few examples of Oghamic Irish inscriptions remain and it is not possible, with the information provided in the LoI and that found by the College, to postulate any form of the submitted name in Oghamic Irish. The combination of "Irish/Roman" is problematical. There was significant Roman occupation and influence in the area that is today England. However, no definite archaeological evidence has yet been found that Romans invaded or settled in Ireland as a group, though the "coastal site of Drumanagh, 15 miles north of Dublin ... 'may well have been (and probably was) a major trading station linking Ireland and Roman Britain. It was probably populated with a mixture of Irish, Romano-British, Gallo-Roman, and others, doubtless including a few genuine Romans as well'" (http://www.archaeology.org/magazine.php?page=9605/newsbriefs/ireland). This article notes that Roman coins found at this site date to the 1st and 2nd C A.D. An additional issue is that Roman influence in Britain ended well before the submitter's desired time period of the 6th C. By this time period, Romano-British as a culture had mostly faded as well, though a few Latin names continued in use. From this information, the culture that come closest to the submitter's desired 6th C Irish/Roman is a Romano-British man who lived before the 6th C and who could have visited or traded with Ireland. The submitted given name Alastar is an undated Gaelic form of the name Alexander. The name Alexander was in use among Romans, though no evidence was found that it was used among Romano-British. The name Alexander came into use among Scottish Gaels sometime after Alexander I ruled Scotland (reigned 1107-1124). This Alexander was a son of Malcolm III "Canmore" and his Anglo-Saxon wife Margaret. All of Malcolm and Margaret's children were given non-Gaelic names: Edward, Edmund, Ethelred, Edgar, Alexander, David, Matilda, and Mary. The name Alexander was in use among Scottish Gaels by the end of the 13th C. It first appeared in the forms such as Alaxandar, and Alaxandair. The first diminutive form of this name to appear was Alasdrann, which is found in reference to Scottish Gaels who died in the mid to late 15th C. Annals of Connacht (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100011/), entry 1522.6, note a man from Scotland with the name Alusdur. The spellings that appear in the Annals of Connacht are not typical for Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700). Alasdar and Alasdair would be forms more typical for Early Modern Gaelic. The first known instance of a Gael in Ireland with the name Alaxandair is a man whose sons are mentioned in annals entries for the years 1504 and 1508. No evidence has yet been found of any Irish Gaelic man in period whose name was any form of the diminutive Alasdar. No documentation was submitted and none was found to support Marcellius as a period variant of the documented Marcellus. Lacking such support, we have changed this element to the documented form Marcellus in order to register this name. The form of this name closest to being authentic for the submitter's desired time and culture would be the Latin Alexander Marcellus. It is an authentic name for a Roman who would have lived somewhat earlier than his desired time period. Though surviving records show no sign that the name Alexander came into use among Romano-British, it is a possibility. If it did, Alexander Marcellus would be a plausible name for a Romano-British man who could have visited or traded with Ireland. Therefore, we have changed the submitted name to this form to partially meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Alexander Marcellus, 10/2003, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Muireann inghean Chonaill, the submitter requested authenticity for after the 12th C and allowed any changes.
Muireann is an Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form. The corresponding Old Irish Gaelic (c. 700 to c. 900) and Middle Irish Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) form of this name is Muirenn. This is found as the name of women who lived in the 7th through 10th centuries. No evidence has been found that it was used as the name of women later than the 10th C. As a result, we were unable to make this name authentic for the submitter's requested time period. Lacking evidence that this name was used as a given name in Early Modern Gaelic, we have registered this name in the Middle Irish form Muirenn in order to register this name. A fully Middle Irish form of this name would be Muirenn ingen Chonaill. [Muirenn inghean Chonaill, 10/2003, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Submitted as Cu-Connacht O'Tighernain, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th to 14th C Irish and allowed minor changes.
The elements of this name were documented from translations of the Annals of Ulster and the Annals of Loch Cé. These translations are modern and do not necessarily represent period forms of these names. In this case, the form Cu-Connacht has not been found in period. Rather, this name is Cú Connacht in Middle Irish Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) and Cú Chonnacht in Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700). Additionally, the form O'Tighernain is a partially Anglicized form of the Early Modern Irish Gaelic Ó Tighearnáin. In fact, the form that appears in the location cited in the LoI is Ó Tighearnáin, not O'Tighearnain. We have changed this name to the fully Early Modern Irish form Cú Chonnacht Ó Tighearnáin in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity and to register this name. [Cú Chonnacht Ó Tighearnáin, 10/2003, A-Middle] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.10 | Listed on the LoI as Anu ingen Áeda, this name was submitted as Ana inghean Áed and changed at Kingdom to correct this name for the submitter's desired time period. The submitter requested authenticity for 10th to 12th C Irish and allowed minor changes.
Ó Corráin & Maguire (p. 22 s.n. Anu: Ana) gives Anu as the name of an Irish goddess and mentions the "virgin St Ana". As Ó Corráin & Maguire specifically indicate that this saint was named Ana, the only documentation for the form Anu is in reference to a goddess. Lacking evidence that Anu was used by normal human women in period, it is not registerable. We have returned this given name to the submitted form Ana in order to register this name. [Ana ingen Áeda, 10/2003, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | Submitted as Gobbán Fahy, the submitter allows any changes. As submitted, this name combined Gobbán, which is an Old Irish Gaelic (c. 700 to c. 900) or Middle Irish Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) form, with Fahy, which is an Anglicized Irish form. Woulfe (p. 522 s.n. Ó Fathaigh) dates the Anglicized Irish form O Fahy to temp. Elizabeth I-James I. Therefore, the submitted form of this name contained two weirdnesses: one weirdness for combining Gaelic and Anglicized Irish in the same name and one weirdness for a temporal disparity of greater than 300 years. We have changed the given name to the Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form Gobán in order to remove the temporal disparity and register this name. [Gobán Fahy, 09/2003, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | Submitted as Caitlín ni Killian, there were some issues with this name.
No documentation was provided and none was found that the form Caitlín was used in period, though evidence was found of it as a modern name. We have changed the given name to the documented Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form Caitilín in order to register this name. This submission raised considerable discussion regarding the element ni. A good bit of the confusion occurs because of the similarity of the Gaelic ní and the Anglicized Irish ny (which has often been registered as ni). The Gaelic ní is a post-period contraction of inghean uí and is not registerable, lacking documentation that it was used in period. The Anglicized Irish ny is found in records from 1603-1604 (C. L'Estrange Ewen, A History of Surnames of the British Isles, p. 210 which lists names from Patent Rolls of James I) and in wills from 1629 and 1639 (John O'Donovan, ed., Annals of Ireland, by the Four Masters, vol. 6, pp. 2446, 2460-2461). The element ny is used in two ways in Anglicized Irish records. The examples from 1629 and 1639 show the construction [feminine given name] ny [father's given name]. For example, Joane ny Teige is identified as the daughter of Teige Donovane in his will dated 1639. In the examples from 1603-4, relationships are not listed, so any analysis of these names involves some measure of uncertainty. Some time ago, Talan Gwynek examined these names via email and suggested that the entry Marie ny Dowda, widow most likely represented a Gaelic form Máire inghean Uí Dhubhda. At this point, no examples of ni rather than ny have been identified in this type of construction in late period Anglicized Irish records. However, the lack of such documentation may well be due to the scarcity of women's names in this type of record. Tangwystyl verch Morgant Glasvryn's article "Fourteenth to Sixteenth Century Irish Names and Naming Practices" (http://www.s-gabriel.org/names/tangwystyl/lateirish/) lists Slany Enynimolan as dating to the 14th C. Tangwystyl identifies this byname as meaning 'inghean uí Mhaoláin'. The form Enynimolan lends support to ni as a variant of the documented ny. No documentation was provided and none was found to support Killian as a plausible Anglicized Irish form in period. Woulfe (s.n. Ó Cilleáin) dates the Anglicized Irish form O Killane to temp. Elizabeth I-James I. Woulfe (s.n. Ó Cillín) also dates the Anglicized Irish forms O Killine and O Killen to the same time period. Based on these examples, registerable forms of this byname would include ni Killane, ni Killine, and ni Killen. As the first of these forms is closest to the submitted ni Killian, we have changed the byname to this form in order to register this name. [Caitilín ni Killane, 09/2003, A-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | The documentation given in the LoI for the byname inghean Fhathaigh was:
Metron Ariston provided information regarding the origin of this byname:
It was noted in commentary that Woulfe (s.n. Ó Fathaigh) says that this name is derived from a given name Fathadh. However, a genitive ending in -aigh is formed from a nominative ending in -ach, not a nominative ending in -adh. Lacking evidence that Fathaigh would be a reasonable genitive either of faithche, as cited in MacLysaght, or of Fathadh, as cited in Woulfe, we must assume that the family name Ó Fathaigh is one of the class of family names that derives from a descriptive byname, in this case Fathach cited in the Dictionary of the Irish Language, rather than from a masculine given name. Therefore, the submitted byname inghean Fhathaigh is not supported by the documented family name Ó Fathaigh. Instead, the appropriate feminine byname would be inghean uí Fhathaigh. As the submitter allows no changes, we were unable to change this byname from inghean Fhathaigh to inghean uí Fhathaigh in order to register this name. [Áine inghean Fhathaigh, 09/2003 LoAR, R-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | Submitted as Lasairiona inghean Uilliam na Seoltadh, the submitter requested authenticity for 1600s Irish. No evidence was found that Lasairíona (with or without the accent) was used in period. The spelling shift from the Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form Lasairfhíona to the Modern Gaelic (c. 1700 to present) form Lasairíona is typical of the shift from Early Modern Gaelic to Modern Gaelic, which occurred around 1700. Lacking evidence that Lasairíona was used in period, we have changed the given name to the documented form Lasairfhíona, in order to register this name and to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Lasairfhíona inghean Uilliam na Seoltadh, 09/2003, A-An Tir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | Submitted as Órla Carey, Órla is a Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1700 to present) form. Lacking evidence that it was used in period, it is not registerable. We have changed the given name to the Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c1200-1700) form Órlaith in order to register this name. [Orlaith of Storvik, 08/2003, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | There was some question regarding whether de Rath is a period byname in Ireland. Annales Hiberniae (Grace's Annals) (http://celt.ucc.ie/published/L100001/index.html) lists Johannes White de Rath on p. 90. As this document is in Latin, it provides support for de Rath in Latin, though not in Gaelic or Anglicized Irish. [Quhinten de Rath, 09/2003, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | Submitted as Tomás of Inis Mór, the submitter requested authenticity for 13th to 15th C Irish and allowed any changes.
The submitted byname of Inis Mór combined the English of with the Gaelic placename Inis Mór and, so, violated RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency in a name phrase. Additionally, the placename Inis Mór was not grammatically correct. The word Inis 'island' is a feminine noun, Inis being the nominative singular case of this word. When the adjective Mór follows Inis, it lenites - taking the form Mhór. Therefore, the correct form of this placename is Inis Mhór. Locative bynames are rare in Gaelic. When they are found, those that refer to the proper name of a specific location use an unmarked genitive construction. "Annals of the Four Masters", vol. 4, (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100005D/), entry M1415.1, lists "Emann Mag Findbairr prióir Insi Móire Locha Gamhna". In this entry, "prióir Insi Móire", meaning 'prior of Inis Mhór', shows an example of this placename in the genitive case. Effric Neyn Ken3ocht Mcherrald explained that an adjective (such as Mór) must match the noun it modifies in gender, case, and number and that the feminine genitive singular of Mór is Móire. Additionally, an adjective should not be lenited when it follows a genitive singular feminine word (such as Insi). As a result, a genitive form of Inis Mhór is Insi Móire. Therefore, the grammatically correct form of the submitted name would be Tomás Insi Móire in the submitter's desired time period and would mean 'Tomás [of] Inis Mhór'. We have changed the byname to this form in order to register this name. As the submitter has requested authenticity, he may be interested in knowing that a man's name in his desired time period would typically include a patronymic byname. For example, a man named Tomás who was from Inis Mhór and whose father was named Cormac (as an example), would have the full name of Tomás Insi Móire mac Cormaic. [Tomás Insi Móire, 09/2003, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | This name is being returned because Gormlaith is a feminine given name and Ó Néill is a masculine form.
Bynames were used literally in Gaelic in period. The form Ó Néill means 'grandson/male descendant of Niall'. As a woman cannot be a grandson or male descendant, the form Ó Néill is not compatible with a feminine given name in period. If the submitter wishes to indicate that her father's name is Niall, then the appropriate byname is inghean Néill 'daughter of Niall'. If she wants to indicate that she is a member of the Ó Néill family, then the appropriate byname is inghean uí Néill. As the submitter allows no changes, we were unable to change the byname to a feminine form in order to register her name. [Gormlaith Ó Néill, 09/2003 LoAR, R-Outlands] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.09 | Submitted as Ainfean inghean Risdeag, the submitter requested authenticity for 8th to 10th C Irish Gaelic and allowed any changes.
The spelling Ainfean is a Modern Gaelic (c. 1700 to present) form. Lacking evidence that Ainfean is a period spelling, it is not registerable. We have changed the given name to the Middle Irish (c. 900 to c. 1200) form Ainbthen in order to register this name. Risdeag is listed as a "later medieval diminutive" in Ó Corráin and Maguire (p. 155 s.n. Ricard). However, it is a nominative form. Effric Neyn Ken3ocht Mcherrald has provided a theoretical genitive form of Risdeig for this name. Therefore, we have changed the submitted byname to inghean Risdeig in order to register this name. Lacking evidence that any form of the Anglo-Norman name Richard was used in Ireland in the submitter's desired time period, we were not able to make this name authentic for the submitter's requested time and language. [Ainbthen inghean Risdeig, 09/2003, A-Trimaris] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | Submitted as Lochlainn mac Faoláin Bhain, Gaelic names are registerable with accents either used or omitted consistently. As there was an accent in the element Faoláin, we have added the missing accent to final element of this name.
There was some discussion about whether the element Bháin should include lenition, or whether it should not include lenition and take the form Báin. The "Annals of the Four Masters", vol. 4, (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100005D/), entry M1453.6, lists an example of the byname Bán 'white' used as a descriptive byname for a man's father: Eoghan mac Domhnaill Bháin Ui Raighilligh. As this example has the descriptive byname lenited, we have registered it in the lenitied form Bháin. [Lochlainn mac Faoláin Bháin, 08/2003 LoAR, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | The byname inghean ui Chumaráin was submitted as a feminine form of Ó Cumaráin, which was documented from MacLysaght (p. 35 s.n. Cameron). No documentation was provided and none was found that the name Ó Cumaráin existed in period. Lacking such evidence, the submitted byname is not registerable.
As the submitter only allows minor changes, and changing the language of the byname is a major change, we were unable to change this name from the Irish Gaelic inghean ui Chumaráin to the Scots Cameron in order to register this name. [Brigit inghean ui Chumaráin, 08/2003 LoAR, R-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | Submitted as Caitilín ingen Aodha, the submitter requested authenticity for Irish and allowed any changes. The submitted byname ingen Aodha combined the Middle Irish (c. 900 to c. 1200) particle ingen with the Early Modern Irish (c. 1200 to c. 1700) Aodha and so violated RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency within a name phrase. We have changed this byname to the fully Early Modern Irish form inghean Aodha, which is appropriate for use with the given name Caitilín, in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity and to register this name. [Caitilín inghean Aodha, 08/2003 LoAR, A-Calontir] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | Submitted as Rioghnach ni Rose, the submitter requested authenticity for "Irish/English" and allowed minor changes. In period, a Gaelic woman's name would have been written entirely in Gaelic or entirely in Anglicized Irish depending upon the language of the record in which her name was recorded.
The byname ni Rose was submitted as an Anglicized Irish form of the byname inghean Roiss, where Roiss was intended to be a genitive form of the Gaelic masculine name Rosa. However, Roiss is not a genitive form of Rosa. Instead, the genitive form of Rosa in late period is simply Rosa. The "Annals of the Four Masters", vol. 5, (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100005E/) shows an example of this genitive in entry M1518.2, which lists Aedh mac Rosa mic Tomais Óicc Még Uidhir in the year 1518. For the most part, period Anglicized Irish forms of names use English spelling conventions of the time to represent the sound of Gaelic names. The difficult part of constructing period Anglicized Irish forms of names is determining how the English or Anglicized Irish spelling conventions of that time would have rendered the sound of a name. In this case, there is an example of -rosa in a byname. Woulfe (p. 513 s.n. Ó Dubhrosa) dates the Anglicized Irish form O Dubrise to temp. Elizabeth I-James I. This example supports Rise as a period Anglicized Irish form of the Gaelic Rosa. Regarding the use of ni in Anglicized Irish, there are some gray-area documents that show examples of this type of construction. John O'Donovan, ed., Annals of Ireland, by the Four Masters, vol. 6, p. 2446, lists a transcription of the will of Daniell O'Donovane dated to 1629. This document mentions Juane Ny Teige O'Donovane, the daughter of my sonne Teige O'Donovane. The same page lists a transcription of the will of Teige O'Donovane dated to 1639. In this document, Teige lists his daughters: Joane ny Teige, Ellen ny Teige, Eilene ny Teige, Shilie ny Teige, and Honora ny Teige. These examples support Ny [Anglicized Irish form of father's given name] and ny [Anglicized Irish form of father's given name] as byname forms for women in Anglicized Irish. Therefore, Ny Rise and ny Rise are plausible period Anglicized Irish forms of the submitted byname. As the latter is the closer of these to the submitted byname, we have used that form in registering this name in order to partially meet the submitter's request for authenticity. A fully Gaelic form of this name would be Rioghnach inghean Rosa. As the submitter only allowed minor changes, we were unable to change this name to a fully Gaelic form in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Rioghnach ny Rise, 08/2003 LoAR, A-Æthelmearc] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | Mealla is the modern form of Mella, which Ó Corráin & Maguire state was the name of the mother of Saint Manchán of Lemanaghan. Precedent states that the names of people mentioned in saints' legends are not registerable:
Similarly, as Mealla was not herself a saint and the name has not been documented as having been otherwise used in period, it falls into the category of a legendary name and is not registerable. [Mealla Caimbeul, 08/2003 LoAR, R-Caid] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.08 | The submitter requested an authentic 12th to 14th C Irish-Gaelic feminine name. As submitted, this name uses a masculine given name and the masculine form of the byname. As the College was unable to find evidence that Pádraigín was used as a feminine name in period, we were unable to make this name authentic for the submitter's requested gender. [Pádraigín Ó hIfearnaín, 08/2003 LoAR, A-Artemisia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Submitted as Sorcha inghen Cú Mara, there was some discussion regarding the submitted inghen. This spelling has been addressed previously:
When the masculine name Cú Mara is used in a woman's byname, it needs to be put into the genitive case and lenited. Therefore, inghen Chon Mhara and, more typically, inghean Chon Mhara are forms of this byname appropriate for Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700). We have changed the byname to the first of these forms, as it is the closer of the two to the submitted form of this byname, in order to register this name. [Sorcha inghen Chon Mhara, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Listed on the LoI as Angus O'Coildáin, this name was submitted as Angus O'Coileáin. We have corrected the typographical error in the byname. The byname O'Coileáin uses the Anglicized Irish O' in this Gaelic byname and so violates RfS III.1.a, which requires linguistic consistency in a name phrase. We have changed this byname to a fully Gaelic form in order to register this name. A fully Gaelic forms of this name would be Aonghus Ó Coileáin. As the submitter did not request authenticity, we have only made the changes necessary in order to register this name. [Angus Ó Coileáin, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Submitted as Aine Maguire of Kilarney, the submitter requested authenticity for 12th to 15th C Irish and allowed all changes.
As submitted, this name combines the Gaelic Aine in an otherwise Anglicized Irish name. In Ireland, during the submitter's desired time period, a woman's name would be recorded completely in Gaelic or completely in Anglicized Irish depending upon the language of the record in which her name was recorded. Aine was documented from Withycombe. Withycombe's strength lies in English. In most cases, when she discusses names in languages other than English, she is referring to modern forms. In this case, the name Áine is found in various Irish annals referring to women mentioned in the years dating from 1169 to 1468. No documentation was included in the submission supporting Maguire as a form of this name used in period. Woulfe (p. 427 s.n. Mag Uidhir) lists Maguire as a modern Anglicized Irish form of this name and dates the Anglicized Irish forms Maguier, M'Guier, M'Gwire, and M'Guiver to temp. Elizabeth I-James I. No documentation was provided in the submission or the LoI for the element Kilarney. The College found evidence that the present location of Killarney in County Kerry, Ireland existed in period. The earliest Anglicized Irish example of this placename that was found was in Speed's The Counties of Britain (p. 282, map of "The Province of Mounster", map dated 1610), which lists the name of this location as Kylharnon. Our best guess of a fully Anglicized Irish form of this name would be Anne Maguier of Kylharnon. While locative bynames (such as of Kylharnon) appear in late period Anglicized Irish records, they are vanishingly rare in Gaelic and none have yet been found in a woman's name when a patronymic byname is also used. Therefore, a woman called Anne Maguier of Kylharnon in Anglicized Irish records, would most likely be called simply Áine inghean Mhic Uidhir in Gaelic. As the Anglicized Irish form of this name is closer than the Gaelic form to the submitted name, we have changed this name to the fully Anglicized Irish form in order to meet the submitter's request for authenticity. [Anne Maguier of Kylharnon, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Lochac] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Submitted as Sorcha Searraigh, the submitter requested authenticity for the 10th to 11th C. The "Annals of the Four Masters", vol. 2, (http://www.ucc.ie/celt/published/G100005B/), entry M1032.16, lists Murchadh, mac Searraigh. However, this entry shows an Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) spelling. The Annals of the Four Masters were written in 1632-1636 and many of the entries show orthography appropriate for the 17th C. The corresponding Middle Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) form would be mac Serraig. In a woman's name, the byname would be ingen Sherraig in Middle Gaelic and inghean Shearraigh in Early Modern Gaelic. The only examples found of the name Sorcha date from the 16th C. Therefore, we could not make this name completely authentic for the 10th to 11th C as requested by the submitter. We would have changed the byname to ingen Sherraig to partially meet the submitter's request for authenticity. However, the name Sorcha ingen Sherraig would have two weirdnesses - one for combining Middle Gaelic and Early Modern Gaelic and one for a temporal disparity of greater than 300 years between the elements. Therefore, we have registered this name in the fully Early Modern Gaelic form Sorcha inghean Shearraigh. [Sorcha inghean Shearraigh, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Atlantia] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Submitted as Aine Fion, this name was submitted as a feminine given name followed by a masculine given name. Unmarked patronymic bynames were not used in Gaelic in period and are reason for return. Additionally, no documentation was presented and none was found that Fion is a period variant of the documented masculine given name Fionn. Lacking such evidence, Fion is not registerable. A woman named Aine whose father was named Fionn would be Aine inghean Fhionn.
There is also a Gaelic descriptive byname Fionn 'fair' (referring either to hair color or complexion). When used as a woman's descriptive byname, it lenites, taking the form Fhionn. A woman named Aine who has fair hair or a fair complexion could be referred to as Aine Fhionn. As the submitter allows any changes, we have passed this name using the descriptive byname Fhionn, rather than the patronymic byname inghean Fhionn, as the descriptive byname form is closer to the submitted form of this name. [Aine Fhionn, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Ansteorra] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Submitted as Cadhla Ultachan, Ultachan was documented from Woulfe (p. 682 s.n. Ultachan). However, Woulfe gives no evidence that this form is period. While Ultach 'the Ultonian' (refers to a person from Ulster) is a byname found in period, no examples of diminutives (including -an forms) have been found of this type of byname in period. Lacking evidence that a diminutive of a descriptive byname would have been used in period, we have changed the byname to the documented form Ultach in order to register this name. [Cadhla Ultach, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Atenveldt] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Submitted as Siban an Fheadha, the submitter requested authenticity for 9th to 12th C Irish and allowed minor changes. The submitted name combines the Middle Irish Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) form Sibán with the Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) form an Fheadha.
The name Siobhán is a Gaelic adaptation of Jehanne, which was introduced into Ireland by the Anglo-Normans. The earliest example of Siobhán found so far dates to 1310 - well after the submitter's desired time period. In the submitter's desired time period, Middle Irish Gaelic (c. 900 to c. 1200) was the language in use. It was replaced by Early Modern Irish Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700). However, as with any lingual shift, the change was gradual. After 1200, some documents were still written in Middle Irish, though these were fewer and fewer over time. Siobhán an Fheadha is a fully Early Modern Irish form of the submitted name. A woman with this name in the 14th C would have been recorded as Sibán in Feda in a document that was written in Middle Irish. We have changed this name to the Middle Irish form to partially meet the submitter's request for authenticity. Lacking evidence that any form of Sibán was used in Ireland in the submitter's desired time period, we were unable to make this name authentic according to the submitter's request. [Sibán in Feda, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Lochac] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | Submitted as Magaidh of Kreiton, the submitter requested authenticity for "Scots Gaelic" and allowed any changes. Multiple languages were used in Scotland in period including Scottish Gaelic (sometimes modernly referred to as "Scots Gaelic") and Scots (a language closely related to English).
Magaidh was documented from Peadar Morgan's Ainmean Chloinne/Scottish Gaelic Names for Children (s.n. Magaidh), which states that this name is a diminutive of Mairead. This entry provides no evidence that Magaidh was used in period. Lacking evidence that Magaidh is a plausible period name, it is not registerable. Máiréad is a Modern Gaelic (c. 1700 to present) form. The corresponding Early Modern Gaelic (c. 1200 to c. 1700) is Máirghréad. It is a Gaelic rendering of the name Margaret. Therefore, Máirghréad is the closest period Gaelic form to the submitted Magaidh. However, it has a markedly different appearance and pronunciation than the submitted Magaidh. Effric neyn Kenyeoch vc Ralte's article "Early 16th Century Scottish Lowland Names" (http://www.MedievalScotland.org/scotnames/lowland16/), s.n. Margaret on the "Women's Given Names" pages, lists a number of Scots forms of this name. Forms found in this article that would be pronounced similar to the submitted Magaidh include Mage and Magy. While locative bynames (like of Kreiton) appear in Scots and Anglicized Irish records, their use in Gaelic is quite different. Current research has found no examples of locatives in Scottish Gaelic that are not part of chiefly titles. In Irish Gaelic, locative bynames appear but are vanishingly rare. While a few refer to countries outside of Ireland, none have yet been found that refer to a region outside of Ireland that is smaller than a country. Given this information about locatives in Gaelic, as well as the College being unable to find a Gaelic form of of Kreiton, we are unable to meet the submitter's request for authenticity for Gaelic. As the submitter allowed any changes, we have registered this name in the Scots form Magy of Kreiton, because the Scots form Magy is closer than the period Gaelic Máirghréad, in both pronunciation and appearance, to the submitted name Magaidh. [Magy of Kreiton, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.07 | The submitter requested authenticity for 6th to 10th C Irish. However, the only examples found of Brigit used in Gaelic in period were as names of saints. Lacking evidence that Brigit in common use among regular people, we were unable to make this name authentic for the submitter's desired time and culture. [Brigit ingen Taidc, 07/2003 LoAR, A-Meridies] |
| François la Flamme | 2003.06 | Submitted as Rowan O'Coilen, no documentation was presented and none was found that O'Coilen is a plausible period form of this name in either Gaelic or Anglicized Irish. Woulfe (p. 470 s.n. Ó Coileáin) dates the Anglicized Irish forms O Collaine and O Collan to temp. Elizabeth I-James I. As Woulfe shows surname forms that are spelled O'[name] in addition to O [name], we have changed this byname to O'Collan, as the closest plausible period form to the submitted O'Coilen, in order to register this name. [Rowan O'Collan, 06/2003 L |